Of course the money is invested in index funds.......It's done by professional investing firms that usually are contracted to the Pension funds based on their performance.
The Individual risk,..........and, mind you,...as I said above, the funds are invested by performance-based professionals,.........is spread out over the participants of the entire fund. Very low risk for an individual,....as opposed to someone blundering about the stock market,...convinced he's another Warren Buffet.......
I've had a 401(k) since 1994,......Prior to that , I had the remains of an ESOP from Ryder Systems. Watching the ups and downs of the market over a 25 year period,.....I'm glad I wasn't counting on solely retiring on a combination of 401(k) and Social Security.
Can you explain to me, Brother,....as to why the traditional annuity rate of 5% was lowered to 3.5% during a bull market roughly about 3 years ago? I know that all of the annuity issuers are private entities, unanswerable to any Government agency as far as how they profit,.........but that simple cut in the annuity rate directly impacted anyone trying to retire on a defined-contribution pension,......pushing back most retirements by at least 5 years ...to achieve the same goal.
Since a majority of private employers have converted to defined-contribution plans as their sole retirement vehicle,.....why hasn't a Government entity established a locked-in annuity rate? ( I know the answer.....private enterprise vs. Gov't regulation,...and the driving principle behind most business transactions: "Let the Buyer Beware....").....
You are absolutely correct in saying our pension payments are part of our wage package. Imagine how terrible it would be if your employer said you would have to rebate back part of your paycheck after you earned it......Long after you earned it.......41 years, in my case....
I think if someone had told me that 41 years ago,...I'd have tried a different occupation.
I have my own opinion ,...that the people who run Wall Street.(..and any other investment scheme..)...do not like the collective power of a defined-benefit pension fund......They much prefer that each individual has their own little pile of money,.....and therefore not much clout on the economic market. If something goes wrong with that little pile,......like an economic downturn, where you lose half of your 401(k) value just prior to retirement,........well,...Tough Luck. Let The Buyer Beware.....There is NO government regulation or entity to re-coup or protect you....
Helluva way to run a national retirement program, don't you think? Especially in a physical labor job,....where the coin you spent was your well-being and strength..........
Social Security invests in..........what? Bonds? open market stocks? What keeps that afloat? Pyramid Scheme? Why haven't we,....as a nation,.....required an expansion of employer payments into Social Security to the point where you can retire solely on that alone? That's a shining example of a defined-benefit pension,....that works well,..if funded properly.
No pie-in-the-sky, carrot-on-a-stick, you'll-be-a-Millionare...Just-Sign-Here.......LET THE BUYER BEWARE "investment" schemes,..........with no guarantees, no oversight, no recourse,...........
Granted,....there are some guys with the luck and discipline to be able to retire on their defined-contribution "pension"...(...BARRING market downturns..)......
But,.....A simple Internet search reveals that MOST of the "investors" in defined-contribution schemes,......don't have,...and WILL NOT have,.........a third of what they'll need in retirement......
And,.....there you have 87 year old insurance salesmen outliving their money,......and seriously considering ......TRUCKING, of all things,.....as a recourse of action to destitution.......
Annuity rates are closely linked to interest rates. Bull markets usually occur when interest rates are low since investing in stocks typically gives higher returns than can be obtained in interest rate related instruments (annuities/bonds/CD's). You seem to be obsessed with annuities Canary. Broaden you investment horizons a bit and you might be surprised at the potential returns available elsewhere.